Typography is a set of small conventions the reader never notices while they are observed. Straight quotes, a hyphen where a dash belongs and a preposition torn from its word read as carelessness: the text looks like a draft even when it is well written. There are few rules, and almost all of them are mechanical.
Quotation marks
Basics
«…» · „…“
Outer quotes in Russian text are guillemets, nested ones are low-high marks. Straight quotes are a typewriter legacy: in typeset text they look like two commas lifted up.
Three horizontal strokes
Characters
- · – · —
The hyphen joins parts of a word, the en dash works in numeric ranges, the em dash separates parts of a sentence. Plus a fourth character — the minus, which exists apart from the hyphen.
Non-breaking space
Line breaks
U+00A0
Looks like an ordinary space but a line never breaks on it. It goes after short prepositions and conjunctions, between a number and its unit, in initials and abbreviations.
Numbers
Typesetting
1 500 000 · 12 %
Thousands are separated by a non-breaking space, not a dot or comma. The percent sign and the unit are separated from the number — non-breaking as well.
What it cannot decide
Limits
— · ё · hanging
An automaton does not understand meaning: in doubtful cases it cannot tell a dialogue dash from a hyphen in a compound word, and it cannot restore “ё” where context is needed. Reread the result.
Code and markup
Careful
href="…" · <pre>
Typographic quotes and non-breaking spaces break HTML attributes, URLs and code fragments. Process only text meant for a reader.
04
Frequently asked questions
The main ones are guillemets: «…». Nested quotes inside them use low-high marks: «издательство „Наука“ выпустило». Straight double quotes are a typewriter legacy and are not used in typeset text.
The dash (—) separates parts of a sentence and is surrounded by spaces. The hyphen (-) joins parts of one word: как-то, интернет-магазин. They are different characters — the dash is longer and sits higher optically, and one cannot stand in for the other.
So that a line does not break in an awkward place: a short preposition should not be left at the end of a line, and a number should not be torn from its unit. A non-breaking space looks ordinary but cannot be broken across lines.
An en dash with no spaces: 2019–2024, 10–15 %. An em dash is not used in ranges, and neither is a hyphen — even though that is what most people type.
The minus (−) is its own character, as wide as a plus and aligned with the digits. A hyphen is shorter and sits lower, so −5 and -5 look different in typeset text. With numbers you want the minus.
By typesetting rules, yes — and it is non-breaking: 12 %. Some publishing standards allow no space, but within one text the form must be consistent.
Short words left at the end of a line, torn from the word they belong to. The reader stumbles: the phrase is started but continues on the next line. The cure is a non-breaking space after the preposition or conjunction.
It can: non-breaking spaces and typographic quotes inside HTML attributes, URLs or code fragments break them. Process text meant for a reader, and edit code and markup separately — or switch off the rules you do not need.
In ordinary texts it is optional, but it must be consistent. It is required where meaning depends on it (всё vs все), in proper names and in texts for people learning to read. That is why this rule is off by default.
Yes, and the result will not change: the rules are written so that already processed text stays as it is. That is what the “Result into the input” button is for — switch another rule on and run it again.